The Gender Role Violation Experiment - 855 Words

Being raised female – and more specifically a female in the mid-west, where being polite and unobtrusive are paramount features of social etiquette – I was taught to never take up too much space physically, vocally, or emotionally. In my younger years I was often chided for things like being too loud or being un-composed, i.e., not keeping my legs crossed. While, over the years I have shaken off certain oppressive doctrines about femininity, I have never managed to let myself take up more space than the bare minimum required, a physical indicator of submission in Western culture that equates size with dominance. Thus, on June 18, 2015 I violated my gender role by enacting stereotypical male body language throughout the day. Internet articles such as â€Å"4 Alpha Male Body Hacks That Instantly Boost Your Attractiveness† and â€Å"Alpha Male Body Language† explained to me how one should stand, sit, walk, and stare to be an â€Å"alpha male.† This g ender role violation experiment was both an emotional and physical challenge for me throughout the day. Violating my gender role was emotionally challenging for me because I had to confront my internal biases. The morning of my experiment I decide to dress in one of my most feminine outfits so that my gender violation would seem more inconcruent to others. Wearing a strappy summer dress I stood in front of my mirror practicing my male posture: chest out, shoulders out, and feet wide apart. I hated the way I looked. Instead of looking skinnyShow MoreRelatedExpectancy Violation Theory And Its Significance1650 Words   |  7 Pagesexpectancy violation theory and its significance in understanding interpersonal communication. The theory highlights the unexpected behavior of human being while interacting (Dainton, 2011). This theory is based on the reduction uncertainty where ambiguity on behaviors of others is reduced through interaction. Expectancy violations theory offers some prospec t to compare the personality of traditional empiricism with humanism. The theory was developed from the Nonverbal expectancy violation model ofRead MoreThe Theory Of The Expectancy Violation Theory1668 Words   |  7 Pagesaccount pre-existing and external factors. Burgoon’s Expectancy Violations Theory analyses people’s reactions to unanticipated violations of social norms or expectations. This theory discusses many of the different factors that play a role when individuals form their expectancies such as context, relationship, communicator characteristics, and nonverbal communication. This paper analyses the pros and cons of the Expectancy Violation Theory. It argues why this theory satisfies enough of Griffin sRead MoreThe Role Of Rudeness Plays On Power Acquisition Differs Through Individualistic And Collectivist Cultures Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role that rudeness plays in power acquisition differs in individualistic and collectivist cultures. Past studies have found that violating social norms increases the perceived power status of the violator in the eyes of others. However, studies have yet to examine if these perceptions would cause a rise in opportunities to acquire power, and how this varies across different cultures. To conduct this study, 5 groups of 10 participants, ranging in ageRead MoreGender Norms : Male Dominant Body Language1158 Words   |  5 PagesViolating Gendered Norms Gender norms are a set of rules or behaviors assigned to each gender by a culture or society. Men and women are expected to uphold these requirements, and are policed by their peers to make sure that they are maintaining them as well. I chose to violate and reflect upon the female gendered norm of using submissive poses while standing or sitting. Women tend to cross their legs while sitting in an attempt to take up less space and make their bodies smaller. Instead, I choseRead MoreEvaluation Of A Preschool Classroom During Play Time1238 Words   |  5 Pageswith gender. What accounts for accounts for this in children? Reading about gender typing in the book made me become more interested in what factors contribute to developing gender typing in children. The book, in my opinion, gives a very vague description of what really develops gender typing in children. My belief is that gender typing is a very complex concept and there are many factors that go into the different aspects of g ender typing in children. In a multidimensional study in gender typingRead MoreDeviance Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pagessimply any violation of society’s norms. Ranging from a minor infraction, such as a traffic violation or improper attire, to an act or behavior highly seen as immoral, such as robbery or murder. Each society defines for itself what they view as deviant behavior and what they choose to find acceptable; how one society chooses to define deviance differs widely from another, even in the world we know today. Some societies choose to have more strict cultural ruling regarding gender roles than we haveRead MoreExplain the Impact of the Stanford Prison Experiment on Psychology and Behaviour1130 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the impact of the Stanford prison experiment on psychology and behaviour. The Stanford prison experiment ,led by professor Philip Zimbardo, was aimed at seeing the effect on people on becoming prisoners or prison guards. The idea was to see what happens to people when they are put in relatively ‘evil’ places. Do the people themselves become evil or is there no net effect? The results indicated that in fact people adapt to their role exceptionally well. It was observed that the prison guardsRead MoreDifferences In Emotions876 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween trait disgust and authority values, supporting the first hypothesis. The finding only aligned with what Chapman and Anderson (2014) concluded in their study that participants scored higher in trait physical disgust were more likely to judge violations of authority values as morally wrong. However, the study conducted by Chapman and Anderson could not completely support our study as their instrument of the trait disgust was limited in the trait physical disgust area. Also, they found that peop leRead MoreThe Social Premises Causing Gender Gap Within Maths And Science Involvement1329 Words   |  6 Pageshumanity into men and women and the dominant role of men in modern society has led to the obvious prevalence of men, it can be traced in all cultural and historical periods, particularly in areas such as science. Most of the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) University graduates are men. Among STEM graduates aged 25 to 34, women represented 23% of graduates from engineering and 30% of graduates from mathematics and computer science programs. (Gender differences in science, technology, engineeringRead MoreDifferences Between Sex And Gender1498 Words   |  6 PagesMany people tend to confuse between sex and gender thinking that they’re the same thing. Sex is the two main categories of male and female into which humans and most other living things are biologically divided in. Gender however, is the state of being male or female and typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones. Children in the same family have different experiences in their interactions with their mothers and fathers. Such differences may teach

Association Football and Davies Middle School - 773 Words

For me to be a member of the National Juniors Honors Society would be an amazing privilege. I believe I should be accepted because I am dedicated and passionate about my activities inside and outside of school. Also I will bring strong leadership as well as teamwork skills to NJHS. I am always looking for new ways to help people even in the smallest of things. Lastly, I have received many recognition awards and commendations. I think these qualities will make me an excellent member of the National Junior Honor Society here at William Davies Middle School. One of my biggest passions is my soccer team, the Hamilton Shock. I have been playing soccer for a little over a year and a half and I love it. We work together not only as a team†¦show more content†¦In final consideration, this shows that I have been successful so far but I believe I will go on to do even bigger and better things and I hope NJHS can help me do that. I have ideas of improving our school and town such as a Special Olympics volunteering program. I would also like to show other students how they can help and improve our school. I think my best years at Davies are ahead and they can only be better with my involvement in the National Junior HonorsShow MoreRelatedIntangible Asset Accounting and Accounting Policy Selection in the Football Industry85391 Words   |  342 PagesINTANGIBLE ASSET ACCOUNTING AND ACCOUNTING POLICY SELECTION IN THE FOOTBALL INDUSTRY by NICHOLAS ROWBOTTOM A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Commerce and Social Science of The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Accounting and Finance School of Business Faculty of Commerce and Social Science The University of Birmingham July 1998 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyrightRead MoreCellc South Africa - Marketing15638 Words   |  63 Pagespopulation that do not own a cellphone as yet. The additional service, Mobile Number Portability (see Appendix 1), has also been affected by the RICA legislation Sports Enthusiasts: The Nike Football Package allows Nike Football fanatics to enjoy reduces rates as well as an Access card to exclusive Nike football events Conservatives: Cell C is known to support gospel music, through its sponsorship of the Soweto Gospel Choir and the launch of its Gospel for life package. Offering many benefits,Read MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 PagesThe Middle Ages: 500-1500 6 The Renaissance: 1500-1650 7 The Rise of Puritanism and John Locke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. 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Hence the answer is required to be presented in an appropriate format (for which 1 mark can be awarded). [5 marks] Person Specification for Head of Economics and Politics Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages– how can small players survive changing markets? Amazon (B) – latest developments in a successful dot.com. Formula One – developing the capabilities for competitive success in a hi-tech industry. Manchester United – clash of expectations in the football world. Salvation Army – strategic challenges for a global not-for-profit organisation with a mission. Bayer MS – corporate social responsibility in the international development of a German company. 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A history of violence Free Essays

â€Å"A history of violence† is a film which presents a world of â€Å"monsters† that has a presence which is not felt until the â€Å"monsters† emerge into action. The film focuses on the necessity of violence and the manner in which it destroys and in the same time saves humanity. The whole film concentrates on the double identity of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on A history of violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the classic theme: a fight between good and evil. The question which Cronenberg’s film raised is whether or not â€Å"the violent instinct is necessarily an evil† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_Violence_(film)). The main character from â€Å"A history of violence†, Tom Stall (actor Viggo Mortensen), is a tender family man, very in love with his wife. He is attacked in his dinner by two perpetrators which he eventually kills. He becomes a hero but in the same time his hidden past is starting to reveal. It is revealed that Tom ran away from the instinct of violence but this instinct from which he ran, in the end saved his life. He knew how to respond to violence with violence. This is a message to a world in witch violence seems most present and emphasizes that in this kind of world nobody can survive without the instinct of violence. Thus the human nature becomes dual; it is divided between love and hate. It is a history of violence because the movie presents: the past of Tom Stall who used to work for the mob, his name was Joey Cusack, but gave up because he didn’t want to be on that side of the society, then the present witch presents Tom as a peaceful, family guy who now fights to solve his past issues in order to protect his dear family, and the future which is predicted by Tom’s teenage sun Jack who is aggressed by bullies at school and he always avoided fighting them., this meaning that violence will never cease to be a real mean of surviving. Tom is a character who didn’t enjoy killing, in spite of this he is forced to kill. Violence is needed in order to keep on living. He hides his past from his family. He struggles to hide his violent side. Significant are the words uttered by a stranger regarding Tom: â€Å"you are trying so hard to be this other guy, it’s painful to watch†. No matter how much Tom tries to hide the inhuman side it arises when it is needed. His power to fight with the perpetrators emerges from somewhere deep and apparently can not be controlled. It is a question whether or not human monsters are born or trained to be violent. It is clear that humans are built from two parts: the violent one and peaceful one. History demonstrated that the violent part was not at all absent. It is a constant interior struggle to balance violence and peace. It can never be one without the other. Peace was always obtained with the help of violence, and tranquility was broken by violence. Tom is a character who hides his past. He became a family man after he escaped from the mob. These facts made him in the eyes of his community a man with double identity. The community came to know a side of Toms’ that they were never aware of. During the plot Tom mutates, he turns from good to bad and vice versa. People are able to change, a different character is born, and new personality traits are formed as people grow up. A person identity is important because it places a person into society. Tom is Joey, Joey is Tom, they are one and the same person, one is from the past and one is the present, those two persons have to coexist in the end, it can not be one without the other because both are part of the same person. There is something dark and mysterious in every one of us. There are hidden parts of the human personality that can get revealed and shock everybody. There are various interpretations of David Cronenberg’s movie. It is a depiction of the long history of violence and its inheritance from generation to generation. Violence was and is used as a tool for settling disputes, it’s a â€Å"Darwinian evolution† in which stronger organism replace the weaker once. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_Violence_ (film)). BIBLIOGRAPHY: International Movie Database http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0399146/usercomments Wikipedia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_Violence_(film)    How to cite A history of violence, Papers

Discrimination and the Arts Essay Example For Students

Discrimination and the Arts Essay Provide an example from contemporary culture of people resisting (or not resisting) discrimination. Use this example to demonstrate your position on art as resistance. Consider questions such as: would art have helped the less empowered people fight back? Did art play a part in the arguments against discrimination? In what ways does art address discrimination in your example? You may use print or web sources for this example as long as you document these carefully. In addition, you must define what you mean by art in order to construct a strong argument. 5. Include in your paper an acknowledgement and rebuttal of an opposing or counter- argument. This section of your paper may be short, but it is a vital aspect of your paper, so dont forget to include it. IN OTHER WORDS, give the other side of your answer to the top question about art as an effective form Of resistance and then argue against If you answer yes, then say how people could argue no and argue against them. 6. You Will need to use at least five sources for this paper: THREE from Cultural Conversations (Du Bois plus two others) and TWO related to your example (they can be inconsolably). . GRADING BASED ON: forming a thesis, showing originality, constructing and organizing your argument, using textual evidence, showing you understand the main themes of the course/unit, dieting stylistic and grammatical standards, and finding and using sources. 8. Use MEAL format and citation style. Also use 1 inch margins and Times New Roman or similar font, No cover page please. Number your pa ges and include a header with your name and my name on it. Staple your paper. Dont forget a title. P roofed. W. E. B, Du Bois Marcus Graver Booker T. Washington Longboats Hughes Anna Julia Cooper Anonymous Reviewer Frances E,W, Harper Lifting the Veil Of Ignorance, B. T. Washington Memorial at Tuskegee University From Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man (1952): Then in my minds eye see the bronze Statue Of the college Founder, the cold Father symbol, his hands outstretched in the breathtaking gesture of lifting a veil that flutters in hard, metallic folds above the face off kneeling slave; and am standing puzzled, unable to decide whether the veil is really being lifted, or lowered more firmly in place; whether I am witnessing a revelation or a more efficient blinding. Bob Marled Redemption Song Emancipate yourself from mental slavery None but ourselves can free our minds, Longboats Hughes l, Too, Sing America Frances E. W. Harper aha Burdens of All From w. E. A. Du Bois criteria of Negro Art: PAGE 160: The apostle of beauty thus becomes the apostle of truth and right not by choice but by inner and outer compulsion. Free he is but his freedom is ever bounded by truth and justice; and slavery only dogs him when he is denied the right to tell the truth or recognize an ideal of justice Thus, all art is propaganda and ever must be, despite the wailing tooth purists I do not care a damn for any art that is not used for propaganda. But I do care when propaganda is confined to one side while the other is stripped and silent.

Theatre Review Three Tall Women Essay Research free essay sample

Theatre Review Three Tall Women Essay, Research Paper Edward Albee # 8217 ; s Three Tall Women, portrays the life of a adult female ( A ) who overcomes legion adversities. The full drama is set in the adult female # 8217 ; s sleeping room and the clip is the present. The dramatis personae of merely five, two of which have no lines, execute the drama arena manner. Upon coming to see this drama, I had perfectly no cognition of the narrative line or dramatist. With the first act, I followed the narrative easy, understanding the old adult female was 92 and physically incapable of caring for herself. However, it was non her make-up or motions that finally led me to believe she was 92 old ages old. It was her first line, # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m ninety-two old ages old, # 8221 ; which gave me the intimation. Her make-up made her expression old, but non that old. Her hair, being dark grey as opposed to being white, possibly contributed her younger-than-ninety-two-years-old visual aspect. We will write a custom essay sample on Theatre Review Three Tall Women Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides, her motions were converting at times, but lacked infirmity at certain points. For case, when she returned from the bathroom and Saturday on the bed, she was really able to sit herself and sit really good without any back support whereas earlier she had needed aid every bit good as a pillow for her dorsum. The other characters, B and C, were converting in their costumes and make-up. However, I didn # 8217 ; t genuinely understand their characters. I couldn # 8217 ; t state if the nurse, B, was annoyed with the old adult female or if she felt sorry for her. Character C, the attorney, didn # 8217 ; t truly hold a defined character except that she exhibited no understanding for the old adult female. Her facial looks were blank at times and her motions seemed awkward. After intermission, the drama resumed and this clip, Thursday e old adult female was seemingly dead. All three characters returned, but this clip, they portrayed three different phases of the old woman’s life: a immature miss of 26, a middle-aged adult female of 52, and a much older adult female. After being confused at times during the first act, I was wholly baffled when the 2nd act began. It candidly took me about 15 proceedingss to understand the secret plan. The costumes genuinely fooled me since they all could hold been from present clip. The immature miss looked like she had merely come from a party and I believed that she was still the character of the attorney coming to see the old adult female after hearing the intelligence of her decease. I believed the same for character B, even though she was dressed more cautiously and had some grey runs in her hair. But when the older adult female entered on phase, able to walk freely and without a broken arm, I had no thought where the narrative had gone. Another factor that didn’t assistance me in my confusion, was the first soliloquy by the immature miss. She was once more awkward in motion, particularly in her short sequenced frock. At one point, she spoke of how she stands tall while she had been slouching her shoulders the whole clip. The illuming throughout the drama gave no hints to the narrative and fundamentally turned on in the beginning and off at the terminal. There were no important alterations, I didn # 8217 ; t bask the public presentation, and I didn # 8217 ; t truly like the drama itself. The narrative didn # 8217 ; t truly associate to me in any facet. I think that an older individual might bask the narrative line better. I would urge that my grandmother or aunt see this drama, but I would besides urge that they come to this public presentation cognizing a small spot more about the drama than I did.

Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Sample

Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Sample The Book Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Example The Book Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Example Modern world is highly competitive and people are in a constant race for enrichment and money because income affects quality of life, health, and social well-being. Even working hard does not guarantee social success and acknowledgement because some people have more opportunities and live in more prosperous environments than others. Crime thrives in poor areas and infects people with adjusting social deviations, making theft and beggary a common and trivial sign of modern highly industrialized urban cities. The problem is not new and it originates in poverty and approaches of officials to combating this evil. There are people who have hardly enough money to provide food and water for themselves and their families and there are people who possess endless bank accounts and can afford more than they want. High rates of income discrimination have become a serious threat to the world stability in the twenty first century and have led to development and thrive of street gang crime. It has become one of the most dangerous and latent forms of offence. Depending on delinquency prevention conditions, societies form psychological climate in the country and attitude to the state authorities and criminal justice. Street criminals are usually young people with antisocial behavior, formed on the background of the use of alcohol or drugs or leading a parasitic way of life. The problem originates in the crisis in economic, cultural, spiritual, and legal spheres of society and modern polarized world. The inability of social adaptation and marginalization make people get and return behind the bars again and again. Mark S. Fleisher discusses dimensions and roots of the problem in his book Beggars and Thieves: Lives of Urban Street Criminals issued in 1995. He investigates peculiarities and evils of ramshackle areas in Seattle and carries out a research based on personal experience of living in the street and in a real jail. Street Ethnography Being a social scientist, anthropologist Mark S. Fleisher (1995) tries to perceive the problem of thieves and beggars from inside and applies some modifications of traditional research methods. He wins confidence of felons and law offenders by establishment of equal and trustful relationships with them. He puts an aim to weave into the criminal social network by means of authoritative inmates (Fleisher, 1995). This way, he can perceive the problem of theft and beggary through the prism of criminals’ vision. Stylistics of the author is far from scientific writing. He adheres to numerous descriptions, reflections, and stylistic devices while depicting lively and characteristic signs of the street life. He writes in the first person singular and tries to use the same language as criminals because his first purpose is to weave into illegal social networks and be able to communicate positively with the outlaws. The primary method is an interview. Fleisher adapts questions to rules of the criminal world to make the interview relevant and lively. For example, simple questions about family background and marriage status can sound offensive because of socio-cultural non-adaptation and frustration. In cases with criminals, Fleisher has first obtained reference of some meaningful people to prove his liability. He invites people into a conversation through common dining and drinking bear. He does not conceal his intentions and tells sincerely about his purposes. Some criminals understand and some reject. However, in all cases the author underlines the necessity to be the same and non-conspicuous with his real social status and relevant social success. The essence of conditions created by Fleisher consists in sincere revelation of free and profitless ideas and evidences of those who just want to share their story and to relief their soul and conciseness. The collected database shows not only statistical information, but contains a lot of reflections and assumptions of the misdemeanants on the problem of poverty and possibility to combat it, conditions of first abuse, and acquaintance with drugs and substances. In his research, Fleisher (1995) feels sympathetic with criminals and tries to understand motives of their behavior. The author foresees possible conclusions about his empathy to the offenders. His free statements about the scope of drug traffic and consumption can lead to a thought that he has personal addiction to drugs and in such way only justifies his own weaknesses. The author does not give a direct answer about his own addictions. However, he admits that behaving like a criminal imposes certain destructive habits just by definition. He uses rude lexical units and behaves blatantly and offensively, as well as not shaving daily, as it is accepted in the middle class society. â€Å"Illegal behavior, to some degree, is required of researchers studying criminals† (Fleisher, 1995, p. 69). Fleisher sees that police officers and criminal authorities follow definite unspoken rules and support each other in providing order and its maintenance. The author started establishing connection with the criminal world through the local police. He wanted to study and analyze the street ethnography before entering jail conditions. Local cops turned out to be the most helpful and instructive guides. According to the Fleisher’s research (1995), the street is unsafe in certain areas, which are under control of criminal authorities and the police. There are representatives of various cultures and minorities, which often becomes a reason of discrimination and polarization of certain marginal groups. Thieves and beggars do not want to be homeless and vulnerable to abuse. However, they often fail to see the essence of their problem and discuss it with representatives of other ethnic group. The concept of connections seems to be crucial in establishment of relationships with criminals. Fleisher addressed the police in order to direct him in his street ethnography. He met Popcorn who became his green card into the world of drug dealers and hustlers. The man was a character whom Fleisher observed as being free and then in jail (Fleisher, 1995). Fleisher (1995) shows the connection between street crimes, ordinary thieves and beggars, and organized groups and syndicates. He explains gang signs seen on jail tattoos. By the way, he starts his interviews from the explanation of tattoo meanings and criminals are willing to discuss the topic. The scientist underlines that the international organized crime is flourishing in the United States despite strong legislation and political will to deal with this problem. The root can be in the division of responsibility between local law enforcement agencies, state, and federal authorities because they are fully exploited by criminal groups. Since the mid 60s, the US has expanded the arsenal of tools to fight organized crime and gangsters. The first law in this area became a universal law of 1968 on combating crime and ensuring safety on streets. It was passed against organized crime and included a large number of legal institutions. In particular, it established special investigation agen cies, which provided a guarantee of immunity to witnesses. They introduced a special penal provision for the punishment of participants of criminal organizations. Moreover, supporting programs for the most vulnerable and poor layers of the population were adopted and implemented. In the episode where the policemen ask Popcorn to show Fleisher how he plays his game, all men appear as allies. The episode evidently shows that the police and criminals know about each other much more than they reveal or report. â€Å"As long as a cop plays by street rules, local gang boys do not hold a grudge against him† (Fleisher, 1995, p. 30). Street gangs and bands represent branches of the organized criminal world. They prefer to involve young people and unite them in a typical way of clothing and behavior. The youth follow the general group trend in violence and appearance. It happens because in many situations streets of large and small settlements create a psychological climate for the population living there. It helps in evaluation of the criminal situation in a particular locality and region. It stipulates a social favorable or unfavorable effect on the formation of public opinion about activities not only of criminal justice, but also of the government in general. The study of regional aspects of street crime conducted by Fleisher reflects regional peculiarities and determinants of specific criminal manifestations in Seattle and other urban regions of the American gang world. In most cases, street gangs display aggression and offence and try to violate social norms. Distorted Families Mark Fleisher researches early memories of thieves and beggars in a natural trustful conversation. All interviewed criminals reveal signs of early violence experiences and abuse. The author underlines effects of parents’ negligence and evil environment on further aggression and illegal activities. He puts questions of what can and should be done for delinquents’ prevention from offensive forms of behavior. He comes to a non-consoling conclusion that it is too late to change their fate at that time of their life. In the last chapter, Fleisher (1995) underlines that thieves and beggars are much better settled in jails than in life outside the bars. They have food and shelter and have the job to be done. They have time for rest and different facilities such as ping-pong and library. Outlaws can meet and communicate with relatives if they have any. Description of a Seattle jail includes two televisions. The author shows that the convicted feel much more realized in jail tha n in the real social environment they originate from (Fleisher, 1995). Such situation shows absence of a necessity to rehabilitate and socialize in the modern highly competitive world. People do not strive to change and improve anything in their lives. They accept as a fact that their fate is to go with the flow and do not look for some opportunities or promotion in life. The government gives up, facing this challenge of criminals’ self-rejection. They do not offend the social order and do not die of hunger or cold and here the official mission is completed. Fleisher reveals this in dialogues with misdemeanants and reveals their perception that little can contribute to the improvement of their self-esteem and social rehabilitation. He sees special mission in preventing children from imprinting addictive and destructive forms of behavior and, especially, home violence. Fleisher’s main suggestion is fencing of the new generation from evil aggressive misdemeanors. He underlines that parents and local authorities should detect cases of home violence and abuse with more accuracy and attention. Causes of domestic violence are numerous. According to Fleisher, the phenomenon has a socio-cultural nature and is an integral part of stereotyped notions about the nature of family relationships perceived through early childhood impressions. It represents the only possible model of behavior. The abuse may be the result of personal life experience of individuals and, thereby, they create moral and psychological grounds to consider this type of relationship as versatile. Another group of causes is associated with childhood trauma, which is an early devastating experience that makes the individual develop his/her childs c omplexes (Fleisher, 1995). Fleisher gives examples how domestic violence results into offensive and abusive behaviors in adult life of the observed criminals. Social and psychological frustration caused by external influences exceeds limits of personal resilience of individuals, forcing them to seek compensation and revenge. The author has found a special role in the growth of violence in such mental factors as weakening control instincts, frustration, aggression, alcoholism, and psychopathology. Violence is closely associated with social stress in the family. Among many problems that can raise the level of tension and lead to violence are differences in parenting, sex deviations, pregnancy, money problems, unemployment, or the need for long-term medical care. Constant parents’ irritation can partly be explained by chronic anxiety about unresolved issues, which creates a mismatch between desires and capabilities. Non-participation in social activities and limited availability of social support increase the risk of violence. Fleisher’s studies have shown that alcohol and drugs are not the same. Even a small amount of alcohol can affect aggressiveness and lead to aggression. In cases with a drug dose, people, on the contrary, soften and differentiate. People do not display violence because they have taken drugs, but because they cannot accept them. Therefore, some cases of violence appear in an attempt to get money from relatives for buying drugs. In cases of abuse of the elderly, a major psychological factor is the role change and dependence of adult children on parents. At the same time, certain characteristics of the victim, such as constant claims and complaints, can also contribute to violence. Adolescent Survival According to Fleisher’s observations (1995), the problem of juvenile offence can originate from family and social environment of adolescents. For example, poor relationships with parents can become the main reason of aggression and offence of the youth. In families where parents experience difficulties with personal social adaptation, children tend to be neglected, stressful, and frustrated. They are apt to using drugs, alcohol, or other addictive substances as their parents do. When parents fail in establishment of friendly and trustful relationships with their children, there can appear hostility and disbelief in young hearts. The lack of moral and financial encouragement can lead to poor learning skills development and illiteracy. Children need happy, confident, and successful parents, i.e. a positive example and trust in the world. If adults in a family need corrections themselves, they should be treated and rehabilitated together with their children. They have to be taught about modern principles of non-violence and abuse avoidance by specially trained people or in specially organized groups. Problems of trust deficiency in a family and absence of support make young people vulnerable to numerous addictions of the twenty-first century such as alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. They start neglecting social rules and norms and look for protection and self-realization by joining certain youth sub-cultures and deviant groups. It is not a secret that nowadays the youth adhere to processes of differentiation. Differentiating factors appear more visibly than integrating ones. Under conditions of a radical transformation in the society, there have appeared profound changes in its stratification. Social polarization reflects trends relating to disengagement of traditionally preserved connections and values (Fleisher, 1995). Social crisis has spawned break of principles and norms of public morality: what was good has suddenly become obsolete and devoid of practical significance. Various marginal flows have poured into subcultures of the young generation, hence ensuring total rejection of traditional cultural values. Delinquency, rejection, and denial of any rules and regulations have started flourishing on that fertile soil. When gathering in gangs, teens can despise the law and morality or show wanton vandalism. What makes them act this way? What underlies these protests? Fleisher believes that antisocial sub-cultural groups and gangs arose in response to differences in initial conditions of the native environment. A subculture is a kind of reaction of the society, especially its younger generation, to the inability to become owners of decent life, namely to get good education and job or become rich, successful, and acknowledged. Subculture has appeared as an answer to the contradiction. Young people could achieve goals, sometimes illegally, while maintaining their own self and ensuring acquisition of their unique nature. As with other categories of social science, rejection is a form of perception of social reality. In Fleisher’s view, human development is moving towards increasing freedom that not every person can adequately take advantage of (Fleisher, 1995). It can cause a number of negative experiences and mental states, which lead to alienation. As a result of exhausting struggle, young people sometimes lose themselves, social stability, trust of relatives and step into the way of crime. Attention to problems of thieves and beggars is crucial because of their uncontrollable affects on the future generation and well-being of whole human settlements, especially in large urban regions. Fleisher generates a set of circumstances that form the distinctive shape of crime in big cities. It becomes evident not only in the quantitative characteristics prevailing in the criminological situation, but also in qualitative changes of the concepts of crime in the broadest sense. The author implies that in many cases criminals adhere to unspoken rules and behavior, which are effective and relevant to the current situation of addiction and abuses. The perception of justice and crime has acquired new features in the growing generation and the signs of aggressive reactions and rejection of social norms and rules point out evident drawbacks and lacunas in the system of education and upbringing. Fleisher reveals numerous examples of cruelty and cases where the imperturbable crowd watches a violent crime on the streets of a big city without calling the police. These are symptoms of indifference and insensitivity, developing under the influence of the general structure of a modern large city. The anonymity of city streets facilitates crime and fleeing of criminals. There is a vicious circle in which, on the one hand, the fear of crime is driving people off the streets, out of parks and squares. On the other hand, the emptiness of streets and parks promotes growth of street crime, which reinforces the fear. Architecture of modern large cities, including land, streets, parks, and squares does not enhance primary informal social control, but has a rather destructive effect, which in turn increases social isolation and fear of street crime among urban residents. The book of Mark S. Fleisher (1995) raises crucial problems of the increasing amount of delinquents in modern global connections and communication. Modern thieves and beggars shift their evil habits from the street to the Internet. The lack of morals and a desire for quick and easy enrichment make them scammers and cyber crime abusers. Formation of a thief or beggar remains conditioned by those social ties to the environment from which the person originates and grows. Antisocial attitudes, aspirations, inclinations, and other negative traits of an individual are undoubtedly a product of assimilation of similar views and orientation based on the surrounding social environment. Young people are in a constant and direct communication with other people, as well as in a range of roles and relationships that they perform every day. It affects strategies of stating and achieving goals. According to Fleisher (1995), the personality of a street criminal is characterized by such features as high sensitivity in interpersonal relationships, adherence to oppressive and violent methods in various conflicts, poor knowledge of the requirements of legal and ethical standards, and alienation from the society and its values. These features form a specific typology of thieves and beggars for whom offenses are a norm and a usual way of behavior. People repeatedly commit crimes because they have not seen other forms of communication and getting what they want in their past. The inability to resist adverse circumstances leads to reinforcement of negative and offensive activities. Personal characteristics of law perpetrators make them avoid negative effects and they fail to look for possible success. Attempts of the government to change the situation have not led to any sufficient results. On the contrary, it should be noted that the offensive psychology acquired in the street criminal experience now appears in other spheres of social media activity. For half a century, the police have persecuted, accused, imprisoned, and even ruined criminals. They have a professionally organized, well-trained service for investigation of organized crime and a disclosure set of intricate conspiracy involving dangerous criminals. They spend billions of dollars on ceasing the drug trade borders, eradicating union extortionists, and checking taxes paid by speculators and gamblers. However, the organized crime continues to conduct business as usual and involves millions of new victims every year.

The purpose of taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The purpose of taxation - Essay Example He purchased this business from another owner in July of that same year. The business's total market value metes between $275,000 and $330,000. A potential buyer, Margaret, was willing to purchase the business and relieve the fiscal duties from Mr. Smith's hands. Peter Smith grew anxious because he will be charged by the capital gains tax and he tries to make every effort to avoid selling the property earlier than June 30. Margaret negotiated with Smith to purchase the business with a deposit of $33,000 and finish the payment with a settlement and installments. Under the negotiations, Peter is required to provide vendor's finance to Margaret. When the final installment was paid, Peter Smith had a net gain of about $10,000 (based on its property's highest market value). Because Mr. Smith provided Margaret with vendor finance, he is liable to increase the sales price, earn interest, and may acquire an interest in Margaret. (http://www.investorwords.com/5844/vendor_financing.html) Under CGT (Capital Gains Tax) reforms of 2006, all income arising from Australian sources are subject to income tax. The sources that are taxable range from real property, company, trusts, and land. In addition, gains acquired from a sale of a company on the premises of Australian real property are also considered a source. The Federal Government of Australia passed the reforms to mitigate the Australian CGT base as it applies to non-residents who possess a concrete interest in Australian entities. The CGT reforms will expand the Australian CGT base because it concerns non-residents who dispose of interests in resident or non-resident entities who se worth is irrefutably linked to Australian real property. An unregistered resident was previously only subject to Australian CGT on gains made in respect of assets that had the necessary connection with Australia. Such assets included land and buildings located in Australia, shares in Australian companies or trusts and assets used at any time in carrying on a business through a permanent establishment in Australia. Since Mr. Smith business resides in the country, it is subject to those rules. He will have to pay a property tax on the foreclosure of the business. Under Australia's double tax agreement, Australia has the right to tax the profit on the purchase of Australian real property regardless if the person is not a resident of the country. If Peter Smith is a non-resident, he will be taxed under the precepts of Taxable Australian Property in a few categories. The federal government will tax the estate based on principles of Taxable Australian real property. It must be a CGT asset that has an indirect Australian real property interest and is not covered by a CGT asset that addresses the disregard for profit or deficit after the relinquishment of his or her citizenship of being an Australian. Another aspect is should that real estate has been used for fiscal affairs and transactions and not covered by Taxable Australian real property and indirect Australian real property interest assured on t he Income Tax Assessment Act of 1997, it will be taxed. Furthermore, the purchase of Mr. Smith's property may be considered as an "indirect real property interest." That is, a membership interest at least ten percent in a resident or -as in Mr. Smith's case- non-resident quiddity where