The Importance Of A Civic Engagement Opportunity As A...

The Civic Engagement assignment illustrates the value of incorporating a civic engagement opportunity as a supplement to traditional lecture and reading materials. While this assignment differs from service learning, the civic learning that takes place during the semester leads to the development of knowledge, skills, and community contacts that are necessary for active citizenship. As described throughout this paper, despite the passive-sounding title of courtroom â€Å"observation,† this assignment requires significant interaction and engagement with court personnel to be completed successfully. Since my father is a sheriff’s deputy, it was easy for me to gain clearance to sit in the jury’s box and to watch criminal plea charges. The process I observed was startling because I did not imagine that, in one morning, a single courtroom could go through almost five pages of client sentences (approximately forty clients). In addition, I gained a better understanding of how courts operate without the presence of a jury. Still, I was confused; What is the purpose of the judicial center? Who else is involved? Are charges fairly made? It was 7:30 a.m. on Monday, November 7, 2016. I woke up, took a cold shower, put on my formal attire, and then left with my father to go to the judicial center at the McDonough Square. By 8:00 a.m., my father introduced me to the sheriff deputies that had scanned me into the building. Officer Thomas Palmer, also called â€Å"Tiny,† acted as my tourShow MoreRelatedArt of Public Speaking5805 Words   |  24 Pagessubjects and are discussed below. PowerPoint As the use of PowerPoint has become more ubiquitous in every venue for public speaking, the need for students to understand how to use it has grown apace. Many schools now provide students the opportunity to employ PowerPoint in the classroom, and employers increasingly assume that students who have taken a public speaking class have had some exposure to PowerPoint. Unfortunately, PowerPoint is not always used well, a fact that has led many professorsRead MoreThe Rise of Social Media and Its Impact on Mainstream Journalism21031 Words   |  85 PagesChanging journalistic practice; telling stories with the audience 4.1 Robert Peston (BBC): Peston’s Picks blog 4.2 Jemima Kiss (Guardian): Twitter and technology 4.3 Additional perspectives on changing journalistic practice 5. The nature and importance of social networks for journalism 5.1 Popularity and usage 5.2 Changing nature of recommendation 5.3 Business models and the future of the social web 6. Conclusions and implications for mainstream organisations Bibliography and acknowledgments Read MorePest Analysis of Cambodia22548 Words   |  91 Pagesinstitutions. Two series of interviews were conducted. Interviews with key informants from the selected universities focused on staff and student proï ¬ les, academic programmes, and the current state of research as well as their reï ¬â€šections on challenges, opportunities, and recommendations for improvement. In-depth interviews were also conducted with eight experts who have contributed to higher education in Cambodia. 3. The literature review discusses the role of universities in knowledge production, concludingRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesInstructor’s Manual Exploring Strategy Ninth edition Gerry Johnson Richard Whittington Kevan Scholes Steve Pyle For further instructor material please visit: www.pearsoned.co.uk/mystrategylab ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) ï £ © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to download and photocopy the manual as required. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated CompaniesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii . . xxi . .xxv .xxvii Section 1: Introduction 1—Managing in Today’s Libraries and Information Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Importance of Management. . . . . . . . . . . . What Is Management? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Who Are Managers?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Do Managers Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Functions . . . . . . Read More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagescandidates to choose from, admissions officers can be more selective, making admission to top schools even more challenging for applicants. The Harbus, the Harvard Business School weekly student newspaper, recognizes that applicants require up-to-date materials and inspiration to match the current environment. While this book includes the latest application essays, which are updated regularly by the ad... missions committee, it retains several essaysfrom the first edition of the book because of th eir uniquenessRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and Discipline 84 PART 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 STAFFING THE ORGANIZATION Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis 110 Recruiting 132 Foundations of Selection 154 PART 4 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Read MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesthe style of the case. in the Australian ice-cream industry, the demographic analysis may have this comment: ‘A large baby boomer generation is now becoming more health-conscious. This presents opportunities in health foods and healthy alternatives for conventional foods. It also presents opportunities for low-fat ice creams.’ Or, in analysing the demographics of the Cochlearâ„ ¢ ï ¬ rm, you may conclude that there is a global market of 1.8 million profoundly deaf people and that this provides a hugeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMichael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. Moya and Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century

Essay on sexual dysfunction - 4576 Words

Instead of focusing on all that’s wrong with your life, write down all the good things you have going for you. The more you think about it, the more good things you’ll find. Seek solace through these good things in your life, and you’ll soon stop feeling miserable and sad. Tell yourself that â€Å"this too shall pass† – this is my favorite quote, and at the slightest hint of sadness or trouble, I tell myself that this too shall pass and all will be well with my world again. I just need to ride out the storm and wait for the calm to envelop me again. Realize that there are others who are in worse positions than you are, and that you are better off than many people in the world. This makes your problems seem trivial and you’re shamed out of†¦show more content†¦My initial reaction was that such a book was the last thing I wanted to write. As someone who has suffered from depression since he was a teen, I was afraid that writing about that illness might well sink me into a dark place from which it would be difficult to climb out. But only a few moments after Cheryl asked, I found myself not only agreeing wholeheartedly to do it, but believing that this may well be the very book I was meant to write. I’m not exactly sure when the first bout of depression came. The earliest episode that comes to mind was soon after my adoptive father died, when I was thirteen-years old. Charlie Stork died instantaneously when he crashed his 1965 Rambler station wagon into the concrete pillar of a railroad overpass. We were living in the small town of Alpine,Texas, located somewhere between El Paso and San Antonio. I’m an only child and my mother had gone to Mexico to care for her gravely-ill father. Charlie and I were living in a dilapidated house in the poorest section of town. Our trailer had been repossessed a couple of months earlier for failure to make the monthly payments. Photo courtesy of rellim (flickr.com) As hard at the grief of losing my father was, it was still better than the debilitating depression that came a few months after his death. I was living at that time with Father Martinez, a priest and old family friend. (My mother had to return to Mexico to care for my grandfather.)Show MoreRelatedGender Inequality And Its Relationship With Sexual Dysfunction Drugs1510 Words   |  7 Pages Gender Inequality and its Relationship with Sexual Dysfunction Drugs Susan Elwood Monmouth University Abstract This paper looks to discuss and expand on a news article and two other published articles which report on the lack of Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approval for a sildenafil drug or â€Å"female Viagra†. The articles remain constant in the description of what this drug would provide for women. However, they differ in describing the reasons why a drug has not been approvedRead MoreSexual Dysfunction in a Relationship703 Words   |  3 Pagesstudy was conducted to determine if attitude create sexual dysfunction in relationship amongst male and female. Often times sexual dysfunction can arise in the sexual response cycles which are desire, arousal, orgasm, and resolution. Desire is when the erection starts in male and female. When it comes down to dysfunction playing a role it occurs when there is no interest in different activities. Arousal is a continuation of the erection during sexual activities. Arousal in women can become a problemRead MoreSexual Dysfunction Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesA vast amount of men and women suffer from some type of sexual dysfunction. Researchers have identified a number of factors that may contribute to or perpetuate sexual dysfunction, including, but not limited to, performance anxiety. Performance anxiety is defined as an obsession about the adequate pleasing of one’s partner during the act of sexual intercourse. Rather than focusing on the pleasurable benefits that one can receive from intercourse, the individual experiencing performance anxiety isRead More Causes of Sexual Dysfunctions Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of Sexual Dysfunctions Sexual dysfunctions are an important public health concern, to which general health and emotional problems contribute (10). What is a sexual dysfunction? A sexual dysfunction is any condition that inhibits someones ability to enjoy sex. Some common sexual dysfunctions are: hypoactive desire disorder (low sex drive), hyperactive sexual disorder (high sex drive), sexual aversion disorder, lack of lubrication (females), impotence (male erectile disorder), prematureRead MoreSexual Dysfunction is the loss or impairment of the ordinary physical responses of sexual function.1000 Words   |  4 Pages Sexual Dysfunction is the loss or impairment of the ordinary physical responses of sexual function. Women are usually unable to reach an orgasm, which is called female sexual arousal disorder. It once was called impotence but was rejected because it was too judgmental. When men are unable to attain or uphold an erection it is called an erectile dysfunction. Desire disorders, Arousal disorders, orgasm disorders, and Pain disorders are the four categories of sexual dysfunction. It is common when youRead MoreSexual Dysfunction As A Side Effect Of Chronic Disease1675 Words   |  7 PagesRelationships and sexual satisfaction enhance the quality of life. When one member of the relationship suffers from a chronic illness, it may restrict many areas of their life. Sex is a significant source of comfort, intimacy, and pleasure. The sexuality of an individual may be compromised by physical and emotional problems that accompany the chronic disease (Ferrini, 2013 p. 358). The illness the individual is facing my cause them to feel tired, depressed, and uninterested in sexual activity. IntercourseRead MoreSex Therapy Is The Appropriate Treatment For Sexual Dysfunction1874 Words   |  8 Pagestherapeutic approach to sexual problems, revolutionized what health professionals saw as the appropriate treatment for sexual dysfunction. In contrast to psychoanalytical approaches, the new s ex therapy was relatively brief, problem focused, direct and behavioral with regard to technique. Ultimately, the large majority of sexual difficulties were seen as arising from a sexually restrictive or religiously orthodox upbringing. This resulted in decreased communication with sexual partners, a lack of informationRead MoreThe, Erectile Dysfunction And Low Sexual Performance Are Addressed By The Male Enhancement Products1065 Words   |  5 Pages VigRX Plus Vs. MaleExtra The male related issues like premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction and low sexual performance are addressed by the male enhancement products. In such cases, choosing the best male enhancement product is a confusing and challenging task to do as the market is flooded with many of them! Among them, the most dominating products available in the market are the VigRX Plus and the MaleExtra. There are various factors to consider before choosing the right product. BasedRead MoreThe Sexual Dysfunction Problem for Men751 Words   |  3 PagesPremature ejaculation (PE) is a frequent and under-treated problem for males and their sexual partners. PE is the most common sexual dysfunction problem for men, with an estimated 14-30% of males ages 18 years and older reporting PE globally. However, the prevalence of PE is difficult to determine because of the ambiguity surrounding the definition of clinically relevant PE as well as the reluctance of sufferers to report their condition . Yet, most previously published clinical trials use theRead MoreOver The Counter Medications Of Maca Root1984 Words   |  8 Pagesmenopause. Sexual Dysfunction In 2008, doctors examined 20 patients, 17 women and three men, suffering from sexual dysfunction. People who consumed 3 grams per day of maca root showed marked improvements in sexual function, whereas those who took 1.5 grams per day did not. This study seems to indicate higher concentrations of maca root may increase its beneficial effects. Aphrodisiac Maca contains zinc, iodine and essential fatty acids. All of these can contribute to increase libido and sexual desire

Globalisation and Dilemmas of Income Taxation - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Globalisation and Dilemmas of Income Taxation. Answer: Introduction: The present segment elucidates in detail regarding ascertainment of capital gain otherwise loss from Erics transaction of antique vase. The current scenario mentioned in the case helps in knowing the fact that Eric got possession of various resource counting antique vase as well as chair, sound system for home, paintings as well as shares of particular listed business corporations. Nonetheless, Eric marketed all the above mentioned resources only after acquisition of the stated ones. Essentially, this case aims to establish the accurate capital gain otherwise loss from the said trade. Yet, this process of establishment of the right capital gain else wise loss can be correlated to specific by law of tax that is 108-20 decree asserted by ITAA. Plainly this issue mentioned herein the case can be understood after proper orientation to the tax diktat (108-20) articulated by ITAA (Woellner et al., 2016). As per taxation diktat 108 (20) asserted by ITAA, it can be deciphered that a loss amount of $1000 arises from the sale of home sound gadget cannot be permitted for subtraction from the assessable earning. Due to the fact that losses derived from clearing of resources for personal usage cannot be calculated. Essentially, the modus operandi for balancing undertaken is rooted in the regulations stipulated under rule numbered 108 -110 asserted by ITAA 1997 (Woellner, 2013). Since Eric has acquired gains from disposal of usual assets of the business, capital deduction is not permissible under law in the current financial year. As a consequence, overall profit value of Eric amounts to $15000. The study refers to a case on business dealings connected to a particular bank official named as Brian. The case illustrates that the employer of the specific granted Brian a loan amounting to $1 million with attached interest rate of nearly 1% every year. Nevertheless, the present set-up also divulges the fact that the banking official employed 40% of this lent amount for making income and met all the loan obligations concerning the interest expense. The current question is to spell out the measurable value of fringe benefit enumerated for the year 2016 as well as 2017. In addition to this, this present section also intends to assess whether the answer derived might possibly be completely in case of payment of interest on lent amount at the termination period of the loan agreement instead of monthly disbursements of interests. However, it is vital to comprehend if the bank sets frees Brian from paying back the amount of interest on borrowed funds. Therefore, the current case study u nder deliberation can be attached to the resolving of concerns in the process of ascertainment of FBT-taxation (fringe benefit). Essentially, this again can be connected to taxation decree asserted under by law TR 93/6 (Wallschutzky, 2012). Critical analysis of instructions of taxation articulated under TR 93/6 aids in gaining comprehensive awareness regarding the entire procedure of ascertaining fringe benefit tax Krever Black, 2013). In accordance with a particular instruction clearly communicated by the law, in case if the bank granting finance sets free or in other words liberates the individual from the liability of paying off the interest amount, then that individual might be released from the accountability of interest payments (Hamilton et al., 2012). Thus, Brian can be released from the accountability of paying off tax amount. Finally it can be asserted that there is no compulsion to clear up the tax commitment by making outgoings on the part of the banking official because he is set free from the duty of interest disbursement by the lending bank that offered the credit. Application linked to taxation directive As rightly indicated by Ganghof Eccleston (2014), taxation instruction articulated under TR 93/32 presents ways of treating profits otherwise losses arising from jointly holding rental properties. As per the instructions articulated under by law TR 93/32, rental possessions jointly held cannot be referred to as partnerships in the process of tax assessment (Eccleston, 2014). The relevant guideline as cited under this ruling explicates the fact that partnership accord that includes both either in written format or by word of mouth is said to exert any impact on the overall process of distributing proceeds derived from the jointly held rental property. Moreover, the diktat under this bylaw also stresses the fact that co-owners of a specific rental possession under contemplation cannot be viewed as partners particularly under common circumstances of the ruling. Fundamentally, treaties of joint venture cannot have any effect on the combined amount of either profit or else loss divided b etween the co-possessors of the property. As per the given case study, proportion s of liability of Jack as well as his wife is essentially 90% and 10% respectively. The verdicts of the case on F.C. of T. v McDonald(1987) 18 ATR 957 can be referred to in this regard. This law case verdict states that partner of the spender of tax laid hands on two diverse title in a specific shared venture (Eccleston, 2012). Based on this it can be said that the treaty helped in validating that two different holders of assets (in this case Jack and Jill) can acquire earnings in the specific percentage fraction of particularly 75% and 25% respectively. In the light of the instructions mentioned herein, both the co-owners that is Jack along with wife Jill have the right on the proceeds of the property as joint renters. In conjunction with the instruction articulated in the bylaws TR 93/32, it can thus be made out that in cases of joint holders of rental possessions, loss undergone can be justifiably scattered among the two different possessors, despite the fact that joint holding of rented possessions cannot be considered to be treated in the similar manner as the dealings carried out in partnerships. Case on IRC v Duke of Westminster[1936] AC 1 narrates about tax shirking. This particular instance bears mention about the fact that all individuals have the permission to direct specific state of affairs for allowing deductions from the measured obligation of tax (Eccleston, 2014). Necessarily, this legal case speaks about the Duke of Westminster who deployed a gardener and paid compensation from the substantial earnings derived post tax from essentially the Dike. However, for the purpose of lessening the overall taxed value, the Duke also discontinued to provide wage to that specific gardener and instead developed a pact to carry out disbursements that is of equal value. Nevertheless, the decrees of tax gave Duke the authority to claim for a deduction in the process of his tax assessment (Ganghof Eccleston, 2014). Essentially, this subsequently decreased the overall liability of the payer of tax as both the income tax as well as the surtax got lessened. As such, the Inland Revenue as a matter of fact lost in the legal case that was against the Duke. This case talks about the individuals seeking for ways of evading tax legally by generation of specific circumstances. However, in the present circumstances, the principle in Australia explicates that if a specific individual can attain success for getting to the conclusion, the entire Inland Revenue in such case might possibly be subjugated for their format (Halligan, 2015). Issues that can be hereby recognized from the case analysis: The recognized matter in the present state revolves around analysis of earnings arising from the takings of the company from the sales of felled timber. Basically, this particular amount can be observed under taxation bylaw articulated under 6-1 of the rule for Assessment of Income (that is to say, Income Tax Assessment Act-1936) (Eccleston, 2014). Detailed evaluation of the case reflects that Bill necessarily possesses a particular land that has pine trees. Moving further, the case under reflection also asserts that Bill has the intention to put the land to use for the purpose of grazing by sheep and get it cleaned. Over and above this, Bill got the impression that a logging entity is all set to pay $1000 for timber. Setting apart all the matters of concern related to the taxation attached to capital gains, Bill is given recommendations concerning the takings from the specific scheme. Essentially, decree of taxation articulated under TR 95/6 indicates towards upshots of taxation that necessarily crop up from the productions with works on plantation and forestry works (Keating, 2015). In addition to this, this specific ruling dictates divulges the bindings or else limitations as regards takings from the business that arise out of the sales of the timber derived from the land. Fundamentally, this requires enquiry regarding the fact that whether the person paying the tax is in any way in a partaker in the forestry works. 6-1 stipulated under taxation act -1936, manufacturing can be linked to activities of plantation (Krever Black, 2013). Detailed assessment of the case of Bill reveals that Bill did not carry out any kind of plantation work. However, Bill received the takings derived from selling the felled timber. Therefore, this can be observed as a measurable income of the person paying the tax. Concluding observation: Finally, it can be hereby ascertained that acceptance of different takings that are generated from sales that is in this specific case obtained from sales of timber can be viewed as measurable income as per directive articulated under 6 (1) pronounced by ITAA. References Eccleston, R. (2012). Taxing times: a political retrospective.Austl. Tax F.,17, 287. Eccleston, R. (2014). Thirty year problem: the politics of Australian tax reform, The.Australian Tax Research Foundation Research Studies, 206. Ganghof, S., Eccleston, R. (2014). Globalisation and the dilemmas of income taxation in Australia.Australian Journal of Political Science,39(3), 519-534. Halligan, J. (2015). Learning from experience in Australian reform: balancing principle and pragmatism.Learning from Reform. Hamilton, R., Deutsch, R., Raneri, J. (2012).Guidebook to Australian international taxation. St Leonards, N.S.W.: Prospect Media. Keating, P. (2015).Reform of the Australian taxation system: Statement by the treasurer(No. 315). Australian Government Publishing Service. Krever, R., Black, C. (2013).Australian taxation law cases 2007. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson ATP. Wallschutzky, I. G. (2012).The effects of tax reform on tax evasion(No. 8). Australian Tax Research Foundation. Woellner, R. (2013).Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D. (2016).Australian Taxation Law 2016. Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press.

Individual Written Refelctive Report

Question: Discuss about the Individual Written Refelctive Report. Answer: Introduction: I am quite pleased with the role that has been given to me, as I believe that I am good at making a team organized. My leadership skill has always been too good and I have always been able to manage teams in an efficient way. I have effective inter personal communication skills, and this is why the role the most suitable me for me. Most importantly, this position is helping me become more responsible. I am also able to improve my analytical skills. In the project, everyone has been given a role that suits his or her personal skills. For example, one of my colleagues with good leadership skills is one of the leaders of the group. Another colleague having technical skills has been given the role of a resource manager. The best feature of our team is that each one of us works more as a family than as a team. One of the major strengths of our group is that each of the team members is highly cooperative and shares a very intimate bond with the other team members. The team members share their research data with one another and they help each other with collecting information, which saves time. One of the weaknesses of our group is that some of the members of the team follow the instructions given by the leader in a passive manner, which leads to delayed completion of projects. For example, one of my teammates was assigned an important part of the project and he promised us that he would complete the project within the assigned deadline. However, tw days before the submission of the project, he baxked out and said that he would not be able to finish the prject in time. This landed us in great trouble and I had to assign his work to another team member who was already busy in accomplishing his work part. When a difficulty arises, the team members first hold a group discussion. The team leader asks for everyones opinion and with the views of the leader, the solution is taken. I have understood in the course of the project that I am actively contributing towards making the presentation better in the group. The course had helped me to prepare for university in a better way but also helped me understand the facility of the university. As a team coordinator, I had helped the teammates work in a cooperative manner, resolved the disputes among the team members and kept them motivated to accomplish the project. However, given a chance to work on the same project I will work on procrastination. I have a tendency to finish the work in the last minute which given another chance in the project I would definitely try to change. I consider myself lucky to be a part of the group. I have learnt my disadvantages from my team members. They have also helped me to rectify my mistakes and work in a better way. For example, I used to get stressed out very easily and my team members helped me become more composed while handling the project. It is because of my teammates that I have understood the disadvantages of procrastination and worked in order to get rid of it. Often they would delay the work and I have learnt the importance of finishing work in time from their weakness. This project has helped me to learn my own leadership skill. As an individual, this skill will help me to take the responsibility of my life. For academic life, the skills of leadership learnt in the project will help me develop confidence, improve my communication skill and accomplish academic projects with greater sincerity. In future, I believe, the leadership skills that I have learnt here will help me in gaining management skills and honing my problem solving skills.

Slavery free essay sample

In a recent study, Nun (2008) examines the long-term impacts of Africans slave trade. He finds that the slave trade, which occurred over a period of more than 400 years, had a significant negative effect on long-term economic development. Although the paper arguably identifies a negative causal relationship between the slave trade and income today, the analysis is unable to pin down the exact causal mechanisms underlying the reduced form relationship documented in the paper. In this paper, we examine one of the channels through which the slave trade may affect economic development today. Ins fine-grained individual-level survey data, we test whether the slave trade caused a culture of mistrust to develop within Africa. Early in the slave trade, slaves were primarily captured through State organized raids and warfare. By the end of the trade, because of the environment of ubiquitous insecurity that had developed, individuals even friends and family members began to turn on one another, kidnapping, tricking, and selling each other into slavery (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page G. , Koehler, 1854, Hair, 1965, Pit, 1996).We hypothesize that in this environment, where everyone had to constantly be on guard against Ewing sold or tricked into slavery by those around them, a culture of mistrust may have evolved, and that this mistrust may continue to persist today. Our hypothesis builds on the well-established result from cultural anthropology that in environments where information acquisition is either costly or imperfect, the use of heuristic decision making strategies or rules- of-thumb can be an optimal strategy (Boyd and Richardson, 1 985, 1995).These general rules or beliefs about what the right action is in different situations saves the individual from the costs of information acquisition. Of course, these norms or rules-of-thumb do not develop in a vacuum, but evolve according to which norms yield the highest payoff. Our view is that in areas more exposed to the slave trade, rules-of-thumb or beliefs based on the mistrust of others would have been more beneficial relative to norms of trust and therefore would have become more prevalent over time.In other words, our hypothesis is that the slave trade would have engendered a culture of mistrust. Because these beliefs and norms persist, particularly in environments where they remain optimal, the relationship between these arms and a history of the slave trade may still exist in the data today almost 1 00 years after the slave trade has ended. Alternatively, the culture of mistrust that was a consequence of the slave trade may be an outcome that is stable. In other words, the slave trade may have caused a permanent change in the level 1 of mistrust in the society.Recent contributions, like Tableland (2008) and Guise, Sap ience, and Singles (coco), provide models that show how this can occur. To test our hypothesis, we use data from the 2005 round of the Barometers survey and examine whether individuals belonging to an ethnic group that was heavily targeted in the past are less trusting of others today. Because of the richness of the Barometers survey, we are able to test for the effect of the slave trade on the amount of trust that each respondent places in different individuals.Specifically, we examine the effects of the slave trade on individuals trust in (I) their relatives, (ii) their neighbors, and (iii) their local government council. We find that individuals, belonging to ethnicities that were exposed to the slave trades, today exhibit lower levels of rust in their relatives, neighbors, and their local government. This finding is consistent with the historical fact that by the end of the slave trade, it had become very common for individuals to be sold into slavery by neighbors, friends, and family members.An alternative explanation for our finding is that more s laves were supplied by ethnic groups that initially had lower levels of trust of those around them, and that these lower levels of trust continue to persist today. We pursue a number of strategies to identify the direction of causality in our OILS estimates. One strategy we pursue is to use the historic distance from the coast Of an ethnic group as an instrument for the number Of slaves taken from that ethnic group. There is ample historical evidence suggesting that the instrument is relevant, but it is far less clear that it satisfies the necessary exclusion restriction.The most likely reason why the exclusion restriction may fail is that the historic distance from the coast of an individuals ancestors is correlated with the current distance from the coast of the respondent, and his in turn is negatively correlated with income (Rapport and Cash, 2003), which is positively correlated with trust (Lasing and La Ferreira, 2002). 1 For this reason, in our IV estimates, where we use the historic distance from the coast of a respondents ancestors as an instrument, we also control for the respondents current distance from the coast.The IV estimation produces estimates very similar to the OILS estimates. They provide evidence that the slave tra de caused the descendants of those targeted by the trade to be less trusting today. As is generally the case with instruments, it is possible that despite our second stage controls, our instrument still does not satisfy the necessary exclusion restriction. For this reason, we also perform a number of falsification exercises to assess the validity of our identification strategy.We 1 Note that this actually results in IV estimates that are biased towards zero. 2 examine the reduced form relationship between distance from the coast and trust within Africa and in two samples outside of Africa using data from Theodore Values Surveys and the Spectrometer. Within Africa, we find a throng positive relationship between distance from the coast and trust. This is expected given our IV estimates. Places further from the coast had less slaves taken in the past, and therefore exhibit higher levels of trust today.Our IV strategy relies on the assumption that the distance from the coast only affects trust through the slave trade. Therefore, if our exclusion restriction is satisfied, then when we examine the reduced form relationship between distance from the coast and trust outside of Africa where there was no slave trade, we expect to see no relationship. This is exactly what we find, In our samples outside of Africa, we estimate a statistically insignificant relationship between distance from the coast and trust.We also perform a similar exercise looking within Africa. We find that within the regions of Africa that were not exposed to the slave trade, no relationship exists between an individuals distance from the coast and trust today. We also find that the relationship increases the more exposed a region was to the slave trade. After establishing that the slave trade had an adverse effect on trust, we then urn to the task of distinguishing between the two most likely channels through which this could have occurred.One channel, which is the focus of our paper, is that the slave trade altered the cultural norms of the ethnic groups exposed to the trade, making them inherently less trusting. However, there is also a second channel, which a priori is as plausible and as important. The slave trade resulted in a longer deterioration of legal and political institutions, and such weak institutions enable citizens to cheat others more easily and, for this reason, individuals are less trusting of those around them.We undertake two exercises that attempt to identify the relative importance of these two channels. First, we look more closely at the determinants of respondents trust in their local government. We examine how the estimated effect of the slave trade changes when we control for a number of measures of individuals perceptions about the quality of their local government. By doing this, we attempt to control for differences in the external environment of each respondent and more closely isolate the beliefs and values internal to the individual.

Finding Good Tips For Writing Grad School Admission Essays

Finding Good Tips For Writing Grad School Admission EssaysWhile it is definitely a good idea to develop a long, thoughtful and informative essay for your application, there are many good ways to get an essay published in an academic journal. You should be able to find many great resources available for writing excellent essay samples. This is just a basic introduction to the types of essays you will need to create.Many applicants do not realize that the most common form of admissions essays are actually writing prompts. These samples should have the proper formatting and content to stand out from other applicants with similar academic achievements. Essay writing is a skill that takes years to learn, so it is important to get practice by finding samples.Your essay writing samples should include information about your life and accomplishments. These topics should always include things such as your family's background, your career path, the things you enjoy and the hobbies you engage in . It is also important to include details about your courses and degree program.The subject line of your essays is also important. The subject line is usually in the first paragraph of the essay, as it is an opportunity to catch the attention of your reader. When you write about life, you should place your life experiences in this section as well.One of the best ways to include your college essays is by using specific sub-topics throughout the essay. Using these subjects will allow you to continue a thought through this part of the essay. This gives the essay a three-dimensional effect, as the reader can see your points being made.Another way to get essay samples is by going to websites dedicated to writing essays. You will be able to find several different samples of the standard kind as well as a lot of additional options to take. In fact, some of these sites even provide a research service where you can find an essay to use for your own school essay.It is very important to includ e one very important idea at the beginning of your essay. In most cases, this will be called 'Introduction'Purpose.' Remember that people will be reading this essay and you should focus on this section as it is the only part that they are going to read.As you start looking for essays, you will find that there are many different types of essays that are written. For example, graduate school admission essays are usually very different than the essay samples you will find online. You should look at these samples closely to see how you can change them to suit your needs.

Where to Find FreeSSAT Practice Tests Complete Collection

Where to Find FreeSSAT Practice Tests Complete Collection SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you (or your child) are applying to a private or independent elementary, middle, or high school, you may have heard of the SSAT. Often used as an entrance exam, the SSAT is a series of standardized tests that can be administered to students in grades 3-11. The SSAT, or Secondary School Admissions Test, is a standardized exam often given to students hoping to enter a private or independent elementary, middle, or high school. If you want to boost your chances of getting into one of these schools, working on SSAT practice tests is a great way to do it. Here, I’ll discuss where you can find these practice tests (both official and unofficial), and how you should use them. I’ll wrap up with important SSAT test-taking tips. What’s on the SSAT? There are three different levels of SSAT tests. The number and type of questions on the test will depend on students’ grade level: Elementary Level - For students applying to grades 4-5 Middle Level - For students applying to grades 6-8 High School Level - For students applying to grades 9-12 Although the content will vary based on level, you’ll find these sections on each of the tests: An unscored writing sample A quantitative/mathematics section A reading comprehension section A verbal section Official SSAT Practice Tests When it comes to preparing for any standardized test, official practice tests or sample questions are the gold standard for study material. Using real SSAT questions will help you better understand exactly what you should expect on test day. Unfortunately, there aren’t a ton of official practice materials out there - not as many students prep for the SSAT as for other standardized tests (like the SAT or ACT). Here’s where you can find these official materials: Sample Questions The SSAT publishes official sample questions for each level of the exam. These are free, but the amount of material available is extremely limited: Elementary-level sample questions Middle-level sample questions Upper-level sample questions The SSAT Official Guides The makers of the SSAT publish official test prep guides that include sample questions and full-length practice tests. These are the best available sources for practice materials, as the other official resources don’t give students many problems to work with. To get your hands on the most recent Middle and Upper-Level Official Guides (2015-2016), you’ll have to purchase them through the SSAT website. These guides include two full-length practice tests, scoring instructions and explanations, descriptions of question types, and information about registering for the SSAT. Both the Upper and Middle-Level guides cost $37 through the site. The most recent Elementary-Level Guides (2015-2016) arefree to download through the SSAT site, although they include less information and less practice material than the guides available for purchase. They eachinclude one half-length practice test, info on test format and question types, sample testing schedule, test day info, and preparation advice. There are separate guides available for students in Grade 3 and Grade 4. How to Use Official SSAT Practice Tests and Questions Because official practice problems are hard to come by, you’ll want to be careful with how you use them. Like I mentioned, using official SSAT tests is really important when it comes to getting a feel for different question types and overall test format. I encourage you to save any full-length tests for mimicking real testing conditions. This means following through with all test policies and timing instructions in a controlled setting - it’s best if you can sit through an entire practice test all at once. This will give you the best idea of what your performance will be like on the actual exam. As for the sampling of official SSAT questions provided on the website? These are great for question analysis. As part of your study plan, spend some time looking closely at these questions and thinking about what they’re asking and how they’re written (spend extra time on questions you get wrong). Official SSAT questions have their own style and logic (unofficial sources usually aren’t great at imitating these sorts of questions). If you notice you’re having difficulty with a certain question type, these sample questions will serve as great practice and review. You don’t need to replicate exact testing conditions, but you’ll get the best practice experience if you treat full-length tests like the real thing. Unofficial SSAT Practice Tests Since there isn’t that much practice material for the SSAT, you may end up turning to unofficial sources for practice tests. Ivy Global Ivy Global has free questions organized by level and section. They may be helpful for reviewing test content, but they shouldn’t be used to get a feel for actual SSAT questions and format - the style in which the questions are presented are pretty different from the actual test. The materials available for download are best used if you print them out and work on them by hand since the actual SSAT is done on paper, not on the computer. Varsity Tutors Varsity Tutors offers free Upper-level and Middle-level practice, with questions organized by skill type. These might serve well as supplemental material, but don’t expect them to look like official SSAT practice problems. 4tests.com The questions on 4test.com aren’t particularly similar to what you’d see on the SSAT. You can only see one question at a time, and you can only work on them online. Key SSAT Test Taking Tips Now that you have access to all of this prep material, you may be wondering what to do with it. Follow these tips and strategies to get the most out of your SSAT prep. Start With a Real Baseline Start with a full SSAT test to get a baseline score. It’s important to use an official test for this, as unofficial diagnostic tests won’t give you a good sense of what the SSAT is like or what your strengths and weaknesses are. You can’t get a valid baseline score without using one of those official SSAT practice tests. Practice Skills and Review Content With Unofficial Materials Supplements Once you have your baseline, analyze your mistakes and errors (link out) and focus on your weaknesses. Most serious weaknesses will be in content comprehension - use study materials like textbooks and notes to raise your scores. Use Official SSATs as Full Practice Tests After you’ve spent some time improving on your weaknesses, use official practice tests to test your knowledge and gain familiarity with test formatting. Take these exams under real testing conditions - time them properly and work in a quiet room with no distractions. What’s Next? The SSATsaren’t the only standardized tests out there for younger students. Read more about ACT Aspire and get your hands on official practice tests. Thinking about the future? Read about whether you should start prepping for the SAT/ACT in 7th or 8th grade.